In late October , Germany intervened to help Austro-Hungary, by moving seven divisions from the Eastern Front when Russia withdrew from the war. This resulted in a victory over the Italians in the Battle of Caporetto otherwise known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo. When the battle had run its course, 11, Italians were dead, more than a quarter-million had been taken prisoner and Italy had retreated well behind their original lines.
Caporetto was an unmitigated disaster and the whole Italian front along the Isonzo disintegrated, sparking a crisis in Italy. With the Central Powers now threatening Italy's territory, the Government changed tactics and implemented more defensive military strategies, replaced the Chief-of-Staff, improved soldier morale and Allied troops arrived mainly British and French to reinforce the front.
In the spring of , Germany pulled out its troops for use in its upcoming Spring Offensive on the Western Front and due to increased civil unrest in Austro-Hungary, the Italian and Allied troops attacked on 24th October The Austro-Hungarian army finally broke, and the Allies drove deep into Austria, becoming the first troops to cross the pre-war boundaries. Once the line was broken, the advance was so fast that the Allied supply lines took two days to reach the troops at the front pushing into enemy territory.
Austria asked for an armistice which was signed on 4th November , a week before the general armistice. It is an often over-looked part of WWI history that the British fought alongside the Italians but in the mountains around Asiago in northern Italy, there are British soldiers who now lie in cemetries.
After the war ended, at the Paris Peace Conference that led to the Versailles Treaty, the Italian government struggled against the other Allied leaders, the Big Three Britain, France and the US , to gain all that they believed had been promised to them. Although Italy did receive control of most of the European requests, they failed to gain their colonial ambitions and felt they did not get what they had been promised.
This engendered resentment towards the Allied countries, especially as Italians felt they had paid a high price, in terms of men and money, fighting for the Allies. These resentments helped drive the success of Benito Mussolini and his fascist movement - four years after the war, Mussolini and his blackshirts gained power. Italy in WWI. Read more about: Battles What does D-Day stand for? Top anti-Mafia prosecutor, Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three bodyguards killed in car bomb attack.
He later flees the country, is tried and sentenced in absentia to imprisonment but dies in Tunisia in The coalition, which includes Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia, the Northern League and the neo-Fascist National Alliance, collapses by end of year following clashes with anti-corruption magistrates and a battle with trade unions over pension reform.
Austerity budget. Romano Prodi becomes prime minister. Four killed. Berlusconi forms new coalition government which includes the leaders of two right-wing parties, Gianfranco Fini of the National Alliance and Umberto Bossi of the Northern League as well as the pro-European-Union Renato Ruggiero, who becomes foreign minister. The company is declared insolvent. Mr Berlusconi's trial resumes in April, and he is cleared in December.
He is sworn in as prime minister in May. Italy's most-wanted man, suspected head of the Sicilian mafia Bernardo Provenzano, is captured by police. The changes were proposed during Silvio Berlusconi's premiership. Italy is set to become the biggest contributor to the UN-mandated force. The package contains a pledge to balance the budget by Former European Union commissioner Mario Monti forms government of technocrats.
Version 1. Post-war Societies Italy. By Andrea Baravelli. For a general survey of the problems attending demobilisation see Feldman, Gerhard D. On the social reforms of the immediate post-war period in Italy see Castellino, Onorato: La previdenza sociale in Italia: quanto sociale e quanto previdente? Tranfaglia, Nicola: La prima guerra mondiale e il fascismo, Turin , p. Ascesa e declino del mito della nazione nel ventesimo secolo, Milan Movimento e milizia, Rome-Bari The demand that complete respect be accorded to the clauses of the Pact of London and the concomitant claim on the city of Fiume had scant hopes of being heard, yet nonetheless the expected scaling down of Italian claims led the radical Right to foster a devastating sense of victimhood in national public opinion.
I, pp. In this regard see Repaci, Antonio: La finanza pubblica italiana nel secolo , Bologna , p. For a general survey, see the still classic volume by Einaudi, Luigi: La condotta economica e gli effetto sociali della guerra italiana, Bari Studi e interpretazioni a confronto, Rome Il in Italia, Rome An important reference point is provided by the reflections of Vivarelli, Roberto: Storia delle origini del fascism , in particular pp.
II, pp. In Tranfaglia, Nicola: La prima guerra mondiale e il fascismo , p. II, Il partito popolare italiano, Bari , pp. II, Il Poligono, Rome , pp. Liberali e popolari tra massimalismo socialista e reazione fascista. Although the long term aim was the constitution of a single constitutional party, it was abundantly clear that at that precise moment it was impossible — on account of the bitter animosities between leaders and the great rift caused by the interventionist choice of — to expect the process of reunification to be completed before the elections of 16 November La proporzionale del , Manduria-Rome-Bari Nicola Bombacci , Milan The newly created Italian Popular Party obtained Gentile, Emilio: La grande Italia.
Ascesa e declino del mito della nazione nel ventesimo secolo , Milan Mondadori. Maier, Charles S. Francia, Germania e Italia nel decennio successivo alla prima guerra mondiale , Bari De Donato. Ventrone, Angelo: La seduzione totalitaria.
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